Laser processing uses the energy of the light to reach a very high energy density at the focal point after being focused by the lens, and is processed by the photothermal effect. Laser processing does not require tools, processing speed, surface deformation, can process a variety of materials. The laser beam is used to perform various processing on the material, such as drilling, cutting, dicing, welding, heat treatment, and the like. Some substances with metastable energy levels absorb light energy under the excitation of external photons, so that the number of high-level atoms is greater than the number of low-level atoms—the number of particles is reversed. If there is a beam of light, photon The energy is equal to the difference between the two energy. At this time, stimulated radiation will be generated and a large amount of light energy will be output.
Laser technology is an integrated technology involving many disciplines such as optics, mechanics, electricity, materials, and testing. Traditionally, its scope of research can generally be divided into the following 9 aspects:
Laser processing system. Including lasers, light guide systems, processing machines, control systems, and inspection systems;
Laser processing technology. Including welding, surface treatment, drilling, marking, fine-tuning and other processing technology;
Laser welding: Sealing devices such as thick car body plates, auto parts, lithium batteries, pacemakers, sealed relays, and various devices that do not allow welding contamination and deformation. The lasers used are YAG lasers, CO2 lasers and semiconductor pumped lasers;
Laser cutting: cutting in the automotive industry, computers, electrical cabinets, wood knives, various metal parts and special materials, circular saw blades, acrylics, spring washers, copper plates for electronic components less than 2 mm, and some metals Stencil, steel pipe, tin plate, lead-plated steel plate, phosphor bronze, electric board, thin aluminum alloy, quartz glass, silicon rubber, aluminum oxide ceramic sheet below 1mm, titanium alloy used in aerospace industry, etc. Uses lasers with YAG lasers and CO2 lasers;
Laser marking: Widely used in various materials and almost all industries. The lasers used include YAG lasers, CO2 lasers, and semiconductor pumped lasers.
Laser drilling: astronomy laser pointer drilling is mainly used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, electronic instrumentation, chemical and other industries. With the rapid development of laser drilling, the average output power of YAG laser for main body punching has been increased from 400W to 800W to 1000W. The application of domestic mature laser drilling is in the production of synthetic diamond and natural diamond wire drawing dies, clocks and meters, jewel bearings, aircraft blades, multilayer printed circuit boards and other industries. Most of the lasers used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers. There are also excimer lasers, isotope lasers and semiconductor pumped lasers.
Laser heat treatment: widely used in the automotive industry, such as the heat treatment of components such as cylinder liners, crankshafts, piston rings, commutators, gears, etc., and also widely used in the aerospace, machine tool industry and other machinery industries. The application of laser heat treatment in our country is far more extensive than abroad. Most of the lasers used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser rapid prototyping: Combining laser processing technology with computer numerical control technology and flexible manufacturing technology, it is used in the mold and model industry. Most of the lasers used are mainly YAG lasers and CO2 lasers;
Laser coating: widely used in aerospace, mold and electromechanical industries. Most of the lasers used are high-power YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser processing equipment is a highly skilled and professional precision product. It has become one of the key technical equipment to develop new industries and transform traditional manufacturing industries. The laser equipment industry is huge and widely used. At present, a complete and mature industrial chain has been formed. From the industrial chain distribution of laser industry, it can be seen that the laser industry chain mainly includes: the upstream material and the component industry, mainly including the optical, mechanical, electronic control, pneumatic parts manufacturing, and the research and development of the related control platform and software system, the laser processing equipment manufacturing industry in the middle reaches of the laser processing equipment. Industry, mainly including laser processing in the automotive, steel, ship, aerospace, consumer electronics, high-end materials, semiconductor processing, machinery manufacturing, medical beauty, electronics industry and other industries.
Laser processing technology is a new type of processing technology that uses directional energy to perform non-contact processing. It is essentially different from traditional contact processing methods. It can be integrated with many other technologies, engender emerging technologies and industries, and will have major impact on many traditional processing industries. Impact. With the gradual maturation of picosecond and femtosecond laser technologies and industrialization, lasers will be more widely used in the precision processing of materials such as full screens, ceramics, metals, and alloys, supporting the development of industries such as consumer electronics, new energy, and high-end manufacturing. .
Benefit from the expansion of power batteries, laser welding equipment industry demand growth. The key technology for the future development of electric vehicles is the safety, cost and energy storage capacity of power batteries. The manufacturing process of the power battery is complex, and the safety requirements are high; one of the key process technologies in its production process is laser welding technology; the power battery laser welding process includes battery soft connection welding, top cover welding, sealing nail welding, module and PACK welding. The advantage of laser welding is that the loss of welding consumables is small, the deformation of the welded workpiece is small, the equipment performance is stable and easy to operate, and the welding quality and automation are high.
3D printing technology is a new processing technology that combines laser technology, automation technology and artificial intelligence technology. 3D printing, as a brand-new manufacturing technology, has prominent advantages in its application, especially in the cutting-edge scientific and technological fields, such as the manufacture of aero-engines, rocket vehicles, and automobile engines. With the decline in the prices of 3D printing materials and printing equipment, the 3D printing market is expected to expand rapidly and become an important processing tool. The global 3D printing market in 2017 exceeded US$6 billion.