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Since the advent of laser technology, it has been widely concerned by the community, known as one of the four great inventions of the twentieth century. With the continuous development of the times, the application of laser technology is also changing. In recent years, the power of lasers has been increasing, and their applications have gradually penetrated into the field of heavy industrial manufacturing. In the shipbuilding industry, laser cutting, welding and cleaning technology has begun to ban some of the old technology, which has a certain impact on the entire shipbuilding industry. At present, laser processing technology has been widely used in major shipyards in Europe, America and Japan.
Instead of traditional stamping, shearing and plasma cutting methods, laser cutting technology has occupied the mainstream market of sheet metal processing in shipbuilding industry. Laser cutting technology brings high efficiency and high precision metal processing, ultra-short production cycle and low production cost to shipbuilding industry. Laser cutting has the advantages of high cutting accuracy, small thermal deformation, less secondary processing (such as milling, drilling), transporting and grinding, especially small circle, small hole and curved surface processing. It meets the accuracy requirements of hull sectional distribution and can fully ensure that the assembly clearance of the frame is controlled within 1 mm, but its practical cutting speed in steel is relative to plasma cutting. Worse. This ensures the equipment quality of shipbuilding industry, thus reducing the waste of assembly workload, assembly cycle, material and labor costs.
The shipbuilding industry mainly focuses on steel plate raw materials. The use of laser to cut the plate can replace some processing methods that require large die cutting, which greatly shortens the production cycle and reduces the processing cost. The use of laser cutting machine to remove the assembly allowance, eliminating the phenomenon of on-site trimming, reducing labor and board waste, the assembly speed of the assembly is significantly accelerated, and the assembly quality is significantly improved.
Although the advantages of laser cutting are obvious, there are still many problems in application. At present, laser cutting does not dominate in the domestic shipping industry. The main reason is that the laser cutting cost is higher than the traditional cutting method; the large equipment of laser cutting is not suitable for the manufacturing characteristics of the ship industry, such as on-site construction, segmentation, complicated working environment, etc.; laser cutting has no obvious advantages in efficiency. Especially for the cutting of thick plates in the shipbuilding industry; the maintenance of laser equipment is complicated, the requirements for workers are high, and the maintenance cost is high.
In the early stage of the development of laser welding technology, the thin-walled materials are mostly welded at low speed. With the advent of higher power lasers, the application of laser welding has gradually penetrated into the field of heavy industry. Compared with traditional welding technology, laser welding technology has many advantages, such as more accurate and in-depth welding; good coordination of hull components, can quickly form profiles; lower requirements for welding environment, do not need to work in vacuum or rare gas environment; more flexible welding, can avoid close contact, so that construction safety can be better guaranteed. Barrier.
With the steady development of welding method, technology and equipment, the manufacturing method of large naval ships has gradually changed from riveting to welding. From gas welding and arc welding to laser welding. The continuous development of shipbuilding technology has led to significant changes in shipbuilding materials and ship design. With the continuous improvement of laser equipment and technology, laser welding will be more applied in shipbuilding manufacturers.
After a long period of use, the ship hull is prone to aging, corrosion and other phenomena. Therefore, some processes are needed to retrofit the hull. In recent years, laser cleaning technology has shown great application potential in this field. This new cleaning technology has very broad prospects in the field of aircraft, ships, bridges and other large-scale equipment, as well as precise paint removal of aircraft parts, electrical products and other precision components. At present, the laser cleaning market is still in the cultivation stage. Whether in terms of environmental protection, technological renewal and future practical operation, sand blasting technology will eventually be replaced by advanced technology. Laser cleaning technology is considered to be the most reliable and effective solution at present.
In addition to ships, a large number of sandblasting operations are required in ship-related industries such as port machinery, oil platforms and containers. In the future, these jobs are likely to be gradually replaced by more environmentally friendly and user-friendly laser cleaning.
As a kind of non-contact, non-polluting, low-noise and material-saving green processing technology, laser cutting machine has begun to show the characteristics of digital automation and intelligent flexible processing. With the high-power laser independently developed by China, it has begun to enter the installation stage. This forced imported laser products to start further price cuts.
The laser processing system and equipment shipbuilding market space is expected to gradually open, and laser cutting and welding technology will be widely available in the shipbuilding industry just around the corner.